104) Indus Valley Civilization

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Indus Valley Civilization

The once prosperous Indus Valley Civilization encountered a notable downturn around 2000 BCE, resulting in the abandonment of significant cities such as Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. The factors precipitating this decline continue to spark scholarly curiosity and debates among researchers. Environmental transformations, like changes in river flows, fluctuations in climate conditions, and natural calamities, are often highlighted as potential triggers. Additionally, internal issues related to social hierarchies and economic setbacks are believed to have played a part in the collapse. The mysterious disappearance of this advanced ancient civilization remains a riveting enigma in historical studies.

خوشحال وادی سندھ

ایک زمانے میں خوشحال وادی سندھ کی تہذیب کو 2000 قبل مسیح کے قریب ایک قابل ذکر تنزلی کا سامنا کرنا پڑا، جس کے نتیجے میں موہنجو داڑو اور ہڑپہ جیسے اہم شہروں کو ترک کر دیا گیا۔ اس زوال کو جنم دینے والے عوامل محققین کے درمیان علمی تجسس اور بحث کو جنم دیتے رہتے ہیں۔ ماحولیاتی تبدیلیاں، جیسے دریا کے بہاؤ میں تبدیلی، آب و ہوا کے حالات میں اتار چڑھاؤ، اور قدرتی آفات، کو اکثر ممکنہ محرکات کے طور پر اجاگر کیا جاتا ہے۔ مزید برآں، خیال کیا جاتا ہے کہ سماجی درجہ بندی سے متعلق داخلی مسائل اور معاشی دھچکے نے تباہی میں کردار ادا کیا ہے۔ اس ترقی یافتہ قدیم تہذیب کا پراسرار طور پر غائب ہونا تاریخی علوم میں ایک معمہ بنا ہوا ہے۔

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